Introduction to the theory of errors and balancing calculations, instruments and measurement methods, triangulation grids, polygonometric grids, altitude grids, basics of photogrammetry, GPS basics, remote sensing, surveying and mapping. Mining ecological problems, definition of basic terms, classification of influential parameters of the demolition process, cave surveying and surface observation grids, the basic equation for mining damage, systematics and modelling of prognostic methods, safety pillars.
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