Instrumental methods of analysis

Sample and sampling
Preparation of samples for analysis: aqueous solution, solid mineral substances, biological samples, preparation of a thin sections and polished sections
Choosing and designing the appropriate methods of investigation
Optical microscopy: polarizing microscope, properties of light, refractometry, isotropic minerals, anisotropic minerals, morphological properties, optical properties
X-ray crystallography
Electronic microscopy: EDS, BSE, WDS, SEM-CL, EBSD, cryogenic SEM
Elemental analysis: XRF, INAA, AAS
Mass spectrometry: TIMS, ICP-MS / ES, SIMS
Microscopic analysis: microCT, SEM, SEM-CL, optical cathodoluminescence
Other spectroscopic methods: Raman spectroscopy, Mossbauer spectroscopy
Thermal methods
Analytical error, precision and sensitivity