Rock-forming minerals. Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Geological time: stratigraphy, geological time scale, absolute dating methods. Origin of the Universe and matter, evolution and differentiation of the Solar system and the Earth. Internal structure of the Earth, seismology, physical conditions in the Earth’s interior. Plate tectonics; divergent, convergent and transform margins, mechanisms of plate motion, ... Read more
FORMATION OF MINERALS: magma crystallization, precipitation from solutions, crystallization during metamorphosis. MINERAL PROPERTIES: properties related to the crystal structure (shape, habitus); properties based on the interaction of the mineral with light (lustre, color, line color, transparency, luminescence, optical phenomena); mechanical properties (cleavage and fracture, hardness, strength); properties related to the mass of the mineral (density, ... Read more
The origin of soils. Soil Classification. Phases in soil (soil skeleton, water, air), relationship between phases. Soil densification. Geotechnical characteristics of soils, determination of characteristics in the laboratory (soil deformability, shear strength, consolidation). Determination of density and permeability in the laboratory, limits of plasticity, state of consistency. Soil strength. Laboratory tests: edometer, direct shear and ... Read more
Rock-forming minerals. Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Geological time: stratigraphy, geological time scale, absolute dating methods. Origin of the Universe and matter, evolution and differentiation of the Solar system and the Earth. Internal structure of the Earth, seismology, physical conditions in the Earth’s interior. Plate tectonics; divergent, convergent and transform margins, mechanisms of plate motion, ... Read more
INTRODUCTION: language of physics, scalar and vector variables, units, measurements. MECHANICS: kinematics (linear motion, acceleration, uniform acceleration, rotation), dynamics (force, friction, gravitational force), work and energy (kinetic and potential energy, energy conservation, power, efficiency), linear momentum (conservation, collisions, jet force), systems of point masses (center of mass), deformations (Hook’s law, compressibility, torsion, shear, temperature expansion), ... Read more
Numbers (real numbers; complex numbers). Basics of real functions (basic notions, operations between functions, inverse, outline of elementary functions, continuity, limits). Derivative (definition of a derivative and derivatives of elementary functions, derivative rules, geometrical meaning of a derivative, increasing/decreasing of functions, convexity/concavity, stationary points and their classification; application of the derivative, differential of a function). ... Read more
Structural crystallography – periodicity of structure, symmetry, polymorphism, polytypism, classification of structures Crystallography and morphology of crystal: symmetry groups, morphology of crystals, projection, twins, determination of planes and directions, stereographic projection Crystal chemistry: chemical composition Physical properties of minerals: optical, mechanical, magnetic Environmental durability of minerals
Methods, definitions and fundamental concepts in chemistry. Atoms, molecules, ions and compounds. Chemical reactions in general and reactions in aqueous solutions. Thermochemistry. Electronic structure of atom, periodicity, chemical bond and structure of molecules. Gases, liquids, solids and intermolecular forces. Solutions. Fundamentals of chemical kinetics. Chemical equilibrium. Acids and bases. Spontaneity of chemical reactions. Electrochemistry. The ... Read more
Introduction (What is GIS, history, why GIS, advantages over classical approach, standards, GIS logic, real-world models, legislation, user rights) Data types, databases (structure and definition of databases, conceptual data model – entity, attribute, domain, examples of geological databases, cardinality– relationships 1:1, 1:n, n:n) Acquisition of data (primary, secondary; GPS, digitalisation). Georeferencing, basics of remote sensing. ... Read more