Najnovejše publikacije

FIBERS AND POLYMERS - Plasma-Assisted Green Synthesis of ZnO Directly on Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabric+

This article presents green in situ synthesis of ZnO directly on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics using pomegranate peel extract. The surface of PET was activated by environmentally friendly oxygen plasma, and the process was compared to alkali treatment where the extract of wood ash was used instead of classical chemicals. Sorption analysis showed that the hydrophilic character of the plasma-treated sample was much better than that of the alkali-treated and untreated samples. Both treatments slightly decreased the breaking strength and elongation of the fabric. Scanning electron microscopy, colour measurements, dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and antioxidant activity investigations showed that the ZnO particles were successfully synthesised on alkali- and plasma-treated PET. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that ellagic acid and punicalagin were the most abundant compounds in the pomegranate peel extract that enabled the synthesis of ZnO. The UV protection, amount of ZnO, and uniformity were the highest for the ZnO prepared on the PET samples by the plasma-assisted green synthesis. Additional optical assessment of fabric porosity and thickness measurements confirmed that these fabrics have excellent UV protection due to the presence of ZnO.

Plasma-Assisted Green Synthesis of ZnO Directly on Polyethylene Terephthalate Fabric | SpringerLink

APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Designing UV-protective and hydrophilic or hydrophobic cotton fabrics through in-situ ZnO synthesis using biodegradable waste extracts+

An extensive study on using plant waste aqueous extracts as natural chemicals for in-situ synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) on cotton is presented. Reducing agents were prepared from green tea leaves (GT), pomegranate peels (PG), and staghorn sumac leaves (SsL) and drupes (SsD), and the alkaline medium from discarded wood ash. Zinc acetate was found to be more appropriate precursor than zinc nitrate. Formation of ZnO on cotton was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence results showed the highest amount of ZnO on cotton was formed using PG and SsL extracts, which was also confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and UV/visible spectroscopy. The ZnO-functionalised samples exhibited excellent UV-blocking ability and different wetting properties (hydrophilic or hydrophobic) depending on the reducing agent used due to their different total phenolic content. This study shows that by choosing the plant waste source as a reducing agent for ZnO formation directly on cotton, the properties of cotton can be designed to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic with excellent UV-blocking properties. The XRD results of ex-situ synthesis prove that the short reaction time enables the formation of ZnO.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169433222014751?via%3Dihub

COATINGS - Eco-Friendly In Situ ZnO Synthesis on PET Fabric Using Oxygen Plasma and Plant Waste, April 2022+

This study presents an eco-friendly protocol for the hydrophilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric and the in situ synthesis of ZnO particles. The alkaline medium and reducing agent for ZnO synthesis were prepared as aqueous extracts from wood ash and pomegranate peel, respectively. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the PET fabric, oxygen plasma treatment was included in the process. The influence of plasma treatment in different synthesis steps on the formation of ZnO and consequently on the morphological, colour and ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the samples was discussed. The study showed that incorporating oxygen plasma treatment before immersing the samples in each solution for the ZnO in situ synthesis (natural alkaline medium of wood ash, zinc salt and natural reducing agent from pomegranate peel) produced PET fabric with the most uniform ZnO layer without visible cracks and the highest UV-blocking ability with a UV protection factor (UPF) of 300+. The colour measurements showed that increasing the number of plasma treatments leads to higher colour strength of the samples. Herein, a novel protocol for the production of protective PET fabrics is presented, which is also an example of a completely environmentally benign textile functionalization process.

FORESTS - Importance of protocol design for suitable green in situ synthesis of ZnO on cotton using aqueous extract of Japanese knotweed leaves as reducing agent, Januar 2022+

This work presents two protocols for the green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton with the aim to develop sustainable cotton fabric with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The protocols differed in the order of immersing cotton fabric in reactive solutions of three batches, i.e., precursor (0.1 M zinc acetate dihydrate), reducing agent (aqueous extract of Japanese knotweed leaves) and alkali (wood ash waste). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that ZnO-NP were successfully synthesised on cotton using both protocols; however, only the protocol where cotton was first immersed in alkali, then in the precursor and, lastly, in the reducing agent enabled very high UPF and higher amount of Zn present on the sample. Due to the different order of cotton fabric immersion in the reactive solutions, dissimilar morphology of the ZnO particles was observed, which resulted in different UV blocking abilities of the samples. The antioxidant analysis (DPPH) showed that the natural reducing agent prepared from Japanese knotweed leaves has very high antioxidant activity, which is attributed to phenolic compounds present in the plant. The reflectance spectroscopy results confirmed that the colour yield and colour of the samples did not influence the UPF value. This protocol is an example of green circular economy where waste materials of invasive alien plant species and pellet heating was used as a natural source of phytochemicals, for the direct synthesis of ZnO-NP to develop cotton fabric with UV-protective properties.

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/2/143

TechConnect Europe Innovation Conference & Expo 2021, Malmö, Sweden+

Sustainable cotton fabric that exhibits protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation and has a beautiful pink color was developed through green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) directly (in situ) on the fabric. The reducing agent for ZnO-NP formation was prepared from Staghorn sumac leaves, while the alkali source was prepared from waste wood ash. Zinc acetate (Zn-Ac) and zinc nitrate (Zn-Ni) were used as precursors to determine the most appropriate one. The synthesis took place at room temperature and short treatment times (1 min). After each dip into the reaction solution the fabric was dried at 100°C for 2 or 5 min and finally in the oven at 100 °C for 30 min and at 150 °C for 5 min. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV/Vis spectroscopy and color measurements results showed that ZnO-NP were successfully synthesized in both cases, whereas using Zn-Ac resulted in formation of ZnO-NP that completely coated cotton fibers and consequently exhibits higher UV protection factor (UPF) of the fabric, while both samples have very similar color values. This research is an example of green circular economy where plant wastes were used for formation of ZnO-NP on cotton for development of colorful and UV protective cotton fabric.

9th INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE  and 3rd ENGINEERING AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONFERENCE 2021, Tirana, Albania+

This work presents green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton using a natural reducing agent prepared from Japanese knotweed leaves with the aim to develop sustainable cotton fabric with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). Two synthesis procedures were compared to determine more appropriate one. A natural alkaline medium was prepared from wood ash waste. The synthesis took place at room temperature and with short treatment times. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that ZnO-NP were successfully synthesized with both procedures, however only one of the procedures enabled very high UPF due to the numerous ZnO-NP on cotton fibers. CIE L*a*b* results confirm that colour of samples did not influence the UPF. This research is an example of green circular economy where waste materials of invasive alien plant species and pellet heating was used as a natural source of phytochemicals, for direct synthesis of ZnO-NP to develop protective cotton fabric.

CUTTING EDGE 2021, Ljubljana, Slovenia+

A completely green method of ZnO-NP in situ synthesis on cotton fabric using water extracts from invasive plant species (Japanese knotweed leaves and rhizome) as reducing agents and wood ash extract as a source of alkali is presented. UV protection of functionalized fabrics was analysed. The in situ (direct) synthesis of ZnO was performed by immersing cotton fabric into aqueous wood ash extract, 0.1M zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aqueous extract of Japanese knotweed leaves or rhizome, respectively. The samples were immersed into each active solution for 1 min and dried in a continuous dryer in between the immersions, and at the end of the synthesis process. The results showed that Japanese knotweed leaves extract is an excellent reducing agent as it produces numerous ZnO particles on the surface of cotton, which has very good protection against UV radiation UPF = 38.4, while the rhizome extract did not show such excellent results (Figure 1). This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection which could be in a clothing, medical or technical textile sector. Read more

AUTEX 2021 - 21th WORLD TEXTILE CONFERENCE, Guimarães, Portugal+

This work presents green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton using natural extracts of food waste as reducing agents for the development of sustainable fabric with an ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that ZnO-NP were successfully synthesised in all cases, but only pomegranate peel extract enabled excellent UPF due to the numerous ZnO-NP on cotton fibres. CIELAB results confirm that colour of samples did not influence the UPF. Read more

MATERIALS - Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract, August 2021+

MATERIALS, August 2021: Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract

Verbič, A., Šala. M., Jerman. I., Gorjanc, M.

This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP from zinc acetate. Four different synthesis methods, which varied in drying between immersion of fabric in the active solutions for synthesis and the use of padding and ultrasonication, were investigated to evaluate the most suitable one to achieve excellent ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the functionalized textile. For comparison, the cotton fabrics were also functionalized with each active solution separately or in a combination of two (i.e., Zn-acetate and plant extract). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm the successful formation of ZnO-NP on cotton. Among the synthesis methods, the method that included continuous drying of the samples between immersion in the active solutions for synthesis (Method 4) was found to be the most suitable to deliver uniformly impregnated cotton fibers with numerous small ZnO wurtzite structured crystals and excellent UV protection, with a UV protection factor of 154.0. This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection. Read more

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